酸兰联散鸽瓷痉屋浩临芦叔酸
思考题
1
【简答题】
以构象病（任一种）为例说明蛋白结构和功能的关系。
注：此为开放性试题，无标准答案，请自行作答
2
【简答题】
三聚氰胺奶粉提高蛋白质浓度的机理是什么？
注：此为开放性试题，无标准答案，请自行作答
3
【简答题】
举例说明蛋白质变性在生活中的应用
注：此为开放性试题，无标准答案，请自行作答
Case file study 待做
1
【简答题】
You can answer the question either in Chinese or English
A 15-year-old African-American female presents to the emergency room with complaints of bilateral thigh and hip pain. The pain has been present for 1 day and is steadily increasing in severity. Acetaminophen and ibuprofen have not relieve her symptoms. She denies any recent trauma or excessive exercise. She does report feeling fatigued and has been having burning with urination along with urinating frequently. She reports having similar pain episodes in the past, sometimes requiring hospitalization. On examination, she is afebrile (without fever) and in no acute distress. No one in her family has similar episodes. Her conjunctiva and mucosal membranes are slightly pale in coloration. She has nonspecific bilateral anterior thigh pain with no abnormalities appreciated. The remainder of her examination is completely normal. Her white blood cell count is elevated at 17,000/mm3, and her hemoglobin (Hb) level is decreased at 7.1g/dL. The urinalysis demonstrated an abnormal number of numerous bacteria.
- What is the most likely diagnosis?
- What is the molecular genetics behind this disorder?
- What is the pathophysiologic mechanism of her symptoms?
填写答案
注：此为开放性试题，无标准答案，请自行作答
选择题已完成
1
【多选题】
- A 55-year-old British teacher presents with weight loss, weakness, muscle atrophy, and declining cognitive function. Her history reveals that her favorite meal is soup made with cow brain, which she has eaten almost every week since she was 10 years old. She is suspected to suffer from bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE). In comparing viruses with prions, which of the following is most likely?
A、Both prions and viruses contain some form and quantity of nucleic acid, either DNA, RNA, or both.
B、Both viruses and prions upon infection induce an antibody response in the host.
C、Both viruses and prions upon infection induce an inflammatory response in the host.
D、Conventional viruses are rapidly inactivated by ultraviolet light or heat, whereas prions are not.
E、Both viral and prion proteins
我的答案：D
2
【多选题】
- The oxygen carrier of muscle is the globular protein myoglobin. Which of the following amino acids is highly likely to be localized within the interior of the molecule?
A、Arginine
B、Aspartic acid
C、Glutamic acid
D、Valine
E、Lysine
我的答案：D
3
【多选题】
3.A 6-year-old African American girl with speech delay is found to have a large, abnormal peak when blood amino acids are measured. The abnormal amino acid migrates toward the cathode, indicating a positively charged side group in addition to its carboxyl and amino groups. Which of the following amino acids is most probable?
A、Alanine
B、Glycine
C、Histidine
D、Leucine
E、Valine
我的答案：C
4
【多选题】
Select the one of the following statements that is NOT CORRECT :
A、
Ion-exchange chromatograph separates proteins based upon the sign and magnitude of
their charge at a given PH.
B、
Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis separates proteins first on the basis of their PI values
and second on their charge to mass ratio using SDS.
C、
Affinity chromatograph exploits the selectivity of protein-ligand interactions to isolate
a specific protein from a complex mixture.
D、
Many recombinant proteins are expressed with an additional domain fused to their N-or
C-terminals. One common component of these fusion domains is a ligand binding site
designed expressly to facilitate purification by affinity chromatography.
E、
Tandem mass spectrometry can analyze peptides derived from complex protein mixtures
without their prior separation.
我的答案：BCD
5
【多选题】
Select the one of the following statements that is NOT CORRECT :
A、
Protein folding is assisted by intervention of specialized auxiliary proteins called chaperone.
B、
Protein folding tends to be modular, with areas of local secondary structure forming first,
then coalescing into a molten globule.
C、
Protein folding is driven first and foremost by the thermodynamics of the water molecules
surrounding the nascent polypeptide.
D、
The formation of S-S bond in a mature protein is facilitated by the enzyme protein disulfide
isomerase.
E、
Only a few unusual proteins, such as collagen, require posttranslational processing by partial
proteolysis to attain their mature conformation.
我的答案：BCE
6
【多选题】
Select the one of the following statements that is NOT CORRECT :
A、
Changes in configuration involve the rupture of covalent bonds.
B、
Changes in configuration involve the rotation of one or more single bonds.
C、
The Ramachandran plot illustrates the degree to which steric hindrance limits the permissible angles of the single bonds in the backbone of a peptide or protein.
D、
Formation of an α-helix is stabilized by the hydrogen bonds between each peptide bond carboxyl oxygen and the N-H group of the next peptide bond.
E、
In a β-sheet the R-group of adjacent residues point in opposite directions relative
to the plane of the sheet.
我的答案：BCDE
7
【多选题】
Select the one of the following statements that is NOT CORRECT :
A、
The Bohr effect refers to the release of protons that occurs when oxygen binds to deoxyhemoglobin.
B、
Shortly after birth of the human infant synthesis of the α-chain undergoes rapid
induction until it comprises 50% of the hemoglobin tetramer.
C、
The β-chain in fetal hemoglobin is present throughout gestation.
D、
Thalassemias are genetic defects due to partial or total absence of the α- or β-chains of hemoglobin.
E、
The taut conformation of hemoglobin is stabilized by several salt bridges that form
between the subunits.
我的答案：BDE
8
【多选题】
Consider the amino acid shown below. The configuration about which atom will determine whether the amino acid is in the D or L configuration?
A、如图
B、如图
C、如图
D、如图
我的答案：ABCD
9
【多选题】
Which of the following amino acids are belonged to the acidic amino acids?
A、Phe Tyr
B、Met Cys
C、Leu Ile
D、Glu Asp
E、Gly Ala
我的答案：D
10
【多选题】
The covalent bond formed between the carboxyl group of one amino acid and the amino group of another amino acid is called______.
A、Phosphoester bond
B、phosphodiester bond
C、Peptide bond
D、Glycosidic bond
E、Thioester bond
我的答案：C
11
【多选题】
A part of protein sequence that can form a compact three-dimensional structure and often can be independently folded is called ______.
A、Residue
B、Secondary structure
C、Motif
D、Domain
E、Subunit
我的答案：D
12
【多选题】
Proteins are large biological molecules consist of which of the following amino acids?
A、L-α-amino acids
B、D-α-amino acids
C、L-β-amino acids
D、D-β-amino acids
E、L- and D-β-amino acids
我的答案：A
13
【多选题】
Which of the following amino acids are belonged to the basic amino acids?
A、Phe Tyr
B、Met Cys
C、Leu Ile
D、Glu Asp
E、Arg Lys
我的答案：E
14
【多选题】
Consider the following structure:
This structure is best described as which of the following?
A、An amino acid
B、A dipeptide
C、A tripeptide
D、A tetrapeptide
E、A pentapeptide
我的答案：C
15
【多选题】
A 56-year-old pathologist was taken to his family doctor by his son for he was showing mood changes, minor loss of memory, and decreased motor skills. During the patient history, it became clear that over the course of his career he had, on occasion, cut himself using the instruments he had been using on the cadavers he had been working on. A potential explanation for his symptoms is abnormal aggregation of which of the following proteins?
A、Hemoglobin in the red blood cells
B、Collagen in the extracellular compartment of the brain
C、A truncated neuronal protein
D、A misfolded form of a normal protein
E、
A truncated extracellular protein
我的答案：D
16
【多选题】
When using Biuret’s test, which macromolecule will produce a positive reaction (colour change from blue to lilac)?
A、Protein
B、Fat
C、Carbohydrate
D、amino acid
E、all four
我的答案：A
17
【多选题】
A single polypeptide that assembles with other polypeptides to form a protein complex is best described as which of the following?
A、Residue
B、Secondary structure
C、Motif
D、Domain
E、Subunit
我的答案：E
18
【多选题】
How many amino acids are involved in making proteins in humans?
A、5
B、20
C、35
D、64
我的答案：B
19
【多选题】
Amino acids join up into a large chain (polymer) to create what biological molecule(s)?
A、DNA
B、Proteins
C、Bone
D、Fats
我的答案：B
《核酸结构与功能》 思考题 待做
1
【简答题】
珍奥核酸是一种口服保健品，有用吗？
填写答案
注：此为开放性试题，无标准答案，请自行作答
《核酸结构与功能》case file study 待做
1
【简答题】
A 21-year-old female presents to the physician’s office with complaints of very painful vulvar ulcers. The patient states she has had the symptoms for approximately 3 days, and they are worsening. She says that prior to the ulcerations, there was a burning and tingling sensation of the skin in the same area. She has noted similar symptoms like this before and has been told it is sexually transmitted. On examination you see multiple extremely tender, vesicular (blister-like) lesions on an erythematous (red) base on both labia major of the vulva. She has a moderate amount of tender inguinal lymph nodes bilaterally. The physician uses a swab to sample the ulcer and send it off for diagnostic analysis.
1.What is the most likely diagnosis?
2.If the test is for deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), what method would be used to amplify the fragments of DNA sampled?
填写答案
注：此为开放性试题，无标准答案，请自行作答
《核酸结构与功能》multiple choice questions已完成
1
【多选题】
The sequence of part of a DNA strand is the following: -ATTCGATTGCCCACGT-. When this strand is used as a template for DNA synthesis, the product will be which one of the following?
A、TAAGCTAACGGGTGCA
B、UAAGCUAACGGGUGCA
C、ACGUGGGCAAUCGAAU
D、ACGTGGGCAATCGAAT
E、TGCACCCGTTAGCTTA
我的答案：D
2
【多选题】
Which of these three-letter codes is correct regarding the amino acid isoleucine?
A、Ile
B、Isl
C、Iso
D、Ilc
我的答案：A
3
【多选题】
The description of the secondary structure of DNA double helix are correct, EXCEPT
A、Two antiparallel strands
B、Deoxyribose-phosphate frame located outside the strands
C、Two strands are joined by hydrogen bond formed between A-T and G-C
D、Diameter of helix is 2 nm, and 10 bases in each turn
E、Nucleosome is the structure unit of DNA double helix
我的答案：B
4
【多选题】
The correct description about Tm is
A、
The temperature at which half of the maximum absorbance value of DNA at 260nm
during heat denaturation
B、
The temperature at which maximum absorbance value of DNA at 260nm during heat
denaturation
C、The optimum temperature for DNA synthesis
D、High Tm value is related to low G-C content
E、The temperature to form DNA and RNA hybrid molecule
我的答案：A
5
【多选题】
If the coden of mRNA is ACG, then the anticoden of tRNA is
A、UGC
B、TGC
C、GCA
D、CGU
E、TGC
我的答案：D
6
【多选题】
The linkage between nucleotides is
A、2’,-3’ phosphodiester bond;
B、3’,-5’ phosphodiester bond
C、2’,-5’ phosphodiester bond;
D、Hydrogen bond
E、Peptide bond
我的答案：B
7
【多选题】
The template strand of DNA is 5’-ATTCAG-3 ’ , its transcript is
A、5’ -GACTTA-3’
B、5’ -CTGAAT-3’
C、5’ -UAAGUC-3’
D、5’ -CUGAAU-3’
E、5’ – TAAGTC-3’
我的答案：D
8
【多选题】
While studying the structure of a small gene that was recently sequenced during the Human
Genome Project, an investigator notices that one strand of the DNA molecule contains 20A’s,
25G’s, 30C’s and 22T’s,how many of each base is found in the complete double-stranded molecule?
A、A=40, G=50, C=60, T=44
B、A=44, G=60, C=50, T=40
C、A=45, G=45, C=52, T=52
D、A=50, G=47, C=50, T=47
E、A=42, G=55, C=55, T=42
我的答案：E
9
【多选题】
All of the following are true of the differences between DNA and RNA except:
A、RNA utilizes uracil (U) in place of thymine (T).
B、RNA has a 2′-OH whereas DNA does not.
C、The nucleotides in DNA are linked 3′-5′ by phosphodiester bonds but in RNA they are linked 2′-5′.
D、DNA is usually double stranded and RNA is usually single stranded.
E、There is more RNA than DNA in the cell.
我的答案：C
10
【多选题】
DNA secondary structure is a right-handed double helix with a sugar phosphate backbone on the outside and paired bases (A-T, G-C) on the inside. Which of the following are true?
A、The two strands are parallel.
B、Van der Waal’s forces between stacked bases destabilizes the structure.
C、The two strands are antiparallel.
D、A, B, and Z-DNA forms are present in nature.
E、Only the B-DNA form is present
我的答案：C
11
【多选题】
The hyperchromic effect refers to the increase in the UV absorption of DNA. This is a result of:
A、Annealing
B、Melting of DNA
C、B to Z-DNA conversion.
D、Increased hydrogen bonding between strands.
E、Renaturation of DNA
我的答案：B
12
【多选题】
RNA also has some structure. These include all of the following except:
A、Hairpin turns
B、Internal loops and bulges
C、beta-helix
D、Right-handed double helix
E、Cloverleaf structure
我的答案：C
13
【多选题】
In order to package the 3×109 nucleotides of DNA into the nucleus, the DNA is wound around histones. These are proteins that bind to the DNA. The interaction of histones and DNA involves:
A、AT, GC pairing between histones and DNA
B、H-bonding between arginine and lysine residues and the DNA phosphate backbone
C、Basic residues of the histone and the phosphate backbone of DNA
D、Proteolysis
E、hydrophobic interaction
我的答案：E
14
【多选题】
Small snRNPs are involved in:
A、Translation
B、mRNA processing
C、Transcription
D、Catalysis of peptide bonds
我的答案：B
15
【多选题】
The core proteins in nucleosome are
A、H2A, H2B, H3, H4.
B、H1A, H1B, H3, H4.
C、H1A, H2A, H3, H4.
D、H1, H2, H3, H4.
E、H2A, H2B, H1, H2.
我的答案：A
《酶》思考题 待做
1
【简答题】
举例说明酶的抑制剂在医学中的应用。
填写答案
2
【简答题】
为什么对于乙肝患者治疗策略之一是大剂量补充复合维生素？
填写答案
注：此为开放性试题，无标准答案，请自行作答
《酶》case file study 待做
1
【简答题】
A 47-year-old female is brought to the emergency department with complaints of malaise, nausea and vomiting, and fatigue. The patient reveals a long history of alcohol abuse for the last 10 years requiring drinks daily especially in the morning an an “eye opener.” she has been to rehab on several occasions for alcoholism but has not been able to stop drinking. She is currently homeless and jobless. She denies cough, fever, chills, upper respiratory symptoms, sick contacts, recent travel, hematemesis, or abdominal pain. She reports feeling hungry and has not eaten very well in a long time. On physical exam she appears malnourished but in no distress. Her physical exam is normal. Her blood count reveals a normal white blood cell count but does show an anemia with large red blood cells. Her amylase, lipase, and liver function tests were normal.
1.What is the most likely cause of her anemia?
2.What is the molecular basis for the large erythrocytes?
注：此为开放性试题，无标准答案，请自行作答
《酶》multiple choice questions已完成
1
【多选题】
A 50-year-old man has been trying to lose weight, but he enjoyed eating so much that he found it difficult to do so .He then reads about a product in the popular press, which guarantees that he can lose weight ,as caloric intake due to starch ingestion will be reduced ( a starch blocker). The over-the-counter product that he buys is claimed to inhibit which of the following enzymes?
A、
Pancreatic trypsinogen
B、
Pancreatic lipase
C、
salivary amylase
D、
Gastric amylase
E、
Intestinal enteropeptidase
我的答案：D
2
【多选题】
Routine newborn screening identified a child with elevated levels of α-ketoacids of the branched-chain amino acids. A certain subset of such children will respond well to which of the following vitamin supplementation?
A、Niacin
B、Riboflavin
C、B12
D、B6
E、Thiamine
我的答案：D
3
【多选题】
deficiency in which of the following vitamins will lead to a functional folate deficiency?
A、Thiamine
B、Niacin
C、Riboflavin
D、B12
E、Vitamin C
我的答案：D
4
【多选题】
关于酶抑制剂的叙述正确的是：
A、酶的抑制剂中是酶的变性剂
B、酶的抑制剂只与活性中心上的基团结合
C、酶的抑制剂均能使酶促反应速度下降
D、酶的抑制剂一般是大分子物质
E、酶的抑制剂都能竞争性地使酶的活性降低
我的答案：C
5
【多选题】
泛酸是下列哪种生化反应中酶所需辅酶成分?
A、脱羧作用
B、脱氢作用
C、还原作用
D、乙酰化作用
E、氧化作用
我的答案：D
6
【多选题】
A newborn has milky white skin, white hair, and red-appearing eye color (see the figure below).This disorder most often results from a defect in which of the following enzymes
A、Phenylalanine
B、NADPH oxidase
C、Dihydrofolate
D、Tyrosinase
E、Homogentisic acid oxidase
我的答案：D
7
【多选题】
In a laboratory study, volunteers were made experimentally vitamin B6 deficient, and much to the investigator’s surprise, a mild hypoglycemia, with ketosis, was noted. The hypoglycemia is a result of which of the following?
A、Inhibition of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase
B、Inhibition of pyruvate carboxylase
C、Reduced activity of glucose-6-phosphatase
D、Reduced activity of liver glycogen phosphorylase
E、Reduced insulin secretion
我的答案：D
8
【多选题】
为了防止酶失活，最好将酶制剂存放于以下什么条件
A、0℃避光
B、室温曝光
C、室温避光
D、最适温度
E、80℃以上
我的答案：A
9
【多选题】
乳酸脱氢酶属于：
A、转移酶类
B、水解酶类
C、氧化还原酶类
D、异构酶类
E、裂解酶类
我的答案：C
10
【多选题】
在离体线粒体实验中测得一底物的P/O比值是1.8，该底物脱下的氢最有可能在下列哪一部位进入呼吸链
A、NAD+
B、FMN
C、cytc1
D、cytaa3
E、以上都不对
我的答案：A
11
【多选题】
酶原激活的生理意义是：
A、加速代谢
B、恢复酶活性
C、促进生长
D、避免自身损伤
E、保护酶的活性
我的答案：D
12
【多选题】
下列关于Km值的描述哪一项是错误的？
A、是酶的特征性常数
B、近似表示酶催化底物转变为产物的能力
C、对于不同的底物有不同的Km值
D、不因酶浓度的改变而改变
E、不因底物浓度的改变而改变
我的答案：B
13
【多选题】
酶原缺乏活性的主要原因是：
A、
肽链合成时缺少某些肽段
B、
活性中心未形成
C、
未结合辅酶
D、
缺乏必需激活剂
E、
存在特定的抑制剂
我的答案：B
14
【多选题】
下列有关温度对酶反应速度影响的叙述中，错误的是：
A、
温度对酶促反应速度的影响不仅包括升高温度使速度加快，也同时会使酶逐步变性
B、
在一定的温度范围内，在最适温度时，酶反应速度最快
C、
最适温度是酶的特征常数
D、
最适温度不是一个固定值，而与酶作用时间长短有关
E、
一般植物酶的最适温度比动物酶的最适温度稍高
我的答案：C
15
【多选题】
关于酶的激活剂的叙述错误的是：
A、
激活剂可能是无机离子，中等大小有机分子和具蛋白质性质的大分子物质
B、
激活剂对酶不具选择性
C、
Mg2+是多种激酶及合成酶的激活剂
D、
作为辅助因子的金属离子不是酶的激活剂
E、
激活剂可使酶的活性提高
我的答案：D
糖复合物multiple choice已完成
1
【单选题】
Select the one FALSE statement:
A、
Marfan syndrome is due to mutations in the gene encoding fibrillin-1, a major constituent of microfibrils.
B、
All cases of Ehlers–Danlos syndrome are due to mutations affecting the genes encoding the various types of collagen.
C、
Laminin is found in renal glomeruli along with entactin, type IV collagen, and heparin or heparan sulfate.
D、
Mutations affecting type IV collagen can cause serious renal disease.
E、
Mutations in the collagen 1A1 gene can cause osteogenesis imperfecta.
我的答案：B
2
【单选题】Regarding the ABO blood group substances, select the one FALSE statement:
A、They can be either glycosphingolipids or glycoproteins, depending on location.
B、Individuals with blood group AB have antibodies to both A and B blood group substances.
C、Blood group H substance is formed from its precursor by the action of a fucosyltransferase.
D、Blood group B is formed from its precursor by the action of a galactosyltransferase.
E、Individuals of blood group O lack the galactosyltransferase.
我的答案：B
3
【单选题】A male infant is failing to thrive and, on examination, is noted to have hepatomegaly and splenomegaly, among other findings. Urinalysis reveals the presence of both dermatan sulfate and heparan sulfate. You suspect the patient has Hurler syndrome. From the following list, select the enzyme that you would wish to have assayed to support your diagnosis:
A、-Glucuronidase.
B、-Galactosidase.
C、-L-Iduronidase
D、-N-Acetylglucosaminidase
E、Neuraminidase
我的答案：C
4
【单选题】All of the following sugars are found in glycoproteins EXCEPT:
A、Fructose
B、Fucose
C、Galactose
D、Mannose
E、Xylose
我的答案：A
5
【单选题】Select the one FALSE statement:
A、Mucins contain predominantly O-linked glycans.
B、O-linked sugar chains are built up by the stepwise donation of sugars from nucleotide-sugars.
C、Dolichol-pyrophosphate–oligosaccharide donates all of the sugars found in mature N-linked glycoproteins.
D、N-acetylneuraminic acid is commonly found at the termini of N-linked sugar chains.
E、Calnexin retains partly folded or misfolded proteins in the ER until proper folding has occurred.
我的答案：C
6
【单选题】以下说法错误的是：
A、糖蛋白和蛋白聚糖都是由糖与蛋白质两部分由共价键连接组成。
B、组成蛋白聚糖的糖链称为糖胺聚糖
C、组成糖蛋白的糖链可分为N-糖链和O-糖链
D、一般来说，糖蛋白分子中的蛋白质百分比小于糖，而蛋白聚糖则相反
E、组成糖蛋白和蛋白聚糖中的糖链结构迥然不同，功能也有差异
我的答案：D
7
【多选题】鞘糖脂的分子组成包括：
A、甘油
B、鞘氨醇
C、磷酸
D、糖链
E、脂肪酸
我的答案：BDE
8
【多选题】体内重要的糖胺聚糖有：
A、硫酸软骨素
B、硫酸角质素
C、肝素
D、硫酸皮肤素
E、透明质酸
我的答案：ABCDE
9
【多选题】以下说法正确的是：
A、糖蛋白和蛋白聚糖都是由糖与蛋白质两部分由共价键连接组成。
B、组成蛋白聚糖的糖链称为糖胺聚糖
C、组成糖蛋白的糖链可分为N-糖链和O-糖链
D、一般来说，糖蛋白分子中的蛋白质百分比小于糖，而蛋白聚糖则相反
E、组成糖蛋白和蛋白聚糖中的糖链结构迥然不同，功能也有差异
我的答案：ABCE
10
【多选题】在N-连接糖蛋白中，N-糖链主要存在以下哪几种亚型？
A、高甘露糖亚型
B、低甘露糖亚型
C、复杂亚型
D、简单亚型
E、杂合亚型
我的答案：ACE
糖代谢思考题 待做
1
【简答题】
葡萄糖-6-磷酸酶缺陷为什么有糖原贮积？
填写答案
注：此为开放性试题，无标准答案，请自行作答
2
【简答题】
为什么摄入过多的果糖能够导致脂肪肝？
填写答案
注：此为开放性试题，无标准答案，请自行作答
3
【简答题】
什么原因可以导致低血糖？
填写答案
注：此为开放性试题，无标准答案，请自行作答
《糖类代谢》Case file study 待做
1
【简答题】
Case file study（You can answer the question either in Chinese or English)
A 50-year-old Hispanic female presents to your clinic with complaints of excessive thirst, fluid intake, and urination. She denies any urinary tract infection symptoms. She reports no medical problems, but has not seen a doctor in many years. On examination she is an obese female in no acute distress. Her physical exam is otherwise normal. The urinalysis revealed large glucose, and a serum random blood sugar level was 320mg/dL.
1.What is the most likely diagnosis?
2.What other organ systems can be involved with the disease?
3.What is the biochemical basis of this disease?
注：此为开放性试题，无标准答案，请自行作答
《糖类代谢》Multiple choice questions已完成
1
【单选题】
Which one of the following statements concerning glycolysis is correct?
A、The conversion of glucose to lactate requires the presence of oxygen.
B、Hexokinase is improtant in hepatic glucose metabolism only in the absorptive period following consumption of a carbohydrate-containing meal.
C、Fructose 2,6-bisphosphate is a potent inhibitor of phosphofructokinase.
D、The rate-limiting reactions are also the irreversible reaction.
E、The conversion of glucose to lactate yields two ATP and two NADH
我的答案：D
2
【单选题】
Which one of the following is a condition decreased the oxidation of acetyl CoA by the citric acid cycle?
A、A low ATP/ADP ratio
B、A low NADH due to rapid oxidization to NAD+ through the respiratory chain
C、A low NAD+/NADH ratio
D、A high concentration of AMP
E、A low GTP/GDP ratio
我的答案：C
3
【单选题】
The synthesis of glucose from pyruvate by gluconeogenesis:
A、occurs exclusively in the cytosol.
B、
is inhibited by an elevated level of glucagon.
C、requires the participation of biotin.
D、involves lactate as an intermediate.
E、
requires the oxidation/reduction of FAD.
我的答案：C
4
【单选题】
A two year-old boy was brought into the emergency room, suffering from severe fasting hypoglycemia. On physical examination, he was found to have hepatomegaly. Laboratory tests indicated that he also had hyperlacticacidemia and hyperuricemia. A liver biopsy indicated that hepatocytes contained greater than normal amounts of glycogen that was of normal structure. The child was subsequently found to be missing which of the following enzymes?
A、Glycogen synthase
B、Glycogen phosphorylase
C、Glucose 6-phosphatase
D、Amylo-α (1→ 6)-glucosidase
E、Amylo-α (1→ 4) → α (1→ 6)-transglucosylase
我的答案：B
5
【单选题】
Epinephrine and glucagon have which one of the following effects on glycogen metabolism in the liver?
A、The net synthesis of glycogen is increased.
B、Glycogen phosphorylase is activated, whereas glycogen synthase is inactivated.
C、Both glycogen phosphorylase and glycogen synthase are activated but at significantly different rates.
D、Glycogen phosphorylase is inactivated, whereas glycogen synthase is activated.
E、cAMP-dependent protein kinase is activated, whereas phosphorylase kinase is inactivated.
我的答案：B
6
【单选题】
Most of the reducing equivalents utilized for synthesis of fatty acids can be generated from
A、The pentose phosphate pathway
B、Glycolysis
C、The citric acid cycle
D、Mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase
E、Citrate lyase
我的答案：A
7
【单选题】
Which coenzyme in pyruvate dehydrogenase complex serves as the final hydrogens acceptor?
A、FAD
B、lipoate
C、NAD+
D、TPP
我的答案：C
8
【单选题】
The degradation of glycogen normally produces
A、more glucose than glucose l-phosphate
B、more glucose 1-phosphate than glucose
C、equal amounts of glucose and glucose 1-phosphate
D、neither glucose nor glucose l-phosphate
E、only glucose l-phosphate
我的答案：B
9
【单选题】
In which compartment of the cell does glycolysis occur?
A、Mitochondrion
B、Nucleus
C、Soluble cytoplasm (cytosol)
D、Rough endoplasmic reticulum
E、Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
我的答案：C
10
【单选题】
How many net molecules of ATP are generated in the conversion of glucose to pyruvate?
A、0
B、1
C、2
D、3
E、4
我的答案：C
11
【单选题】
Which of the following statements about glycolysis is TRUE?
A、Glucokinase catalyzes the conversion of glucose to glucose 6-phosphate in the liver
B、Phosphofructokinase 1 catalyzes the conversion of fructose 1,6-bisphosphate to dihydroxyacetone phosphate
C、When one molecule of glucose is converted to pyruvate via glycolysis, one molecule of NADH is reduced
D、When one molecule of glucose is converted to pyruvate via glycolysis, one carbon is lost as CO2
E、Hexokinase catalyzes the conversion of fructose 6-phosphate to fructose 1,6-bisphosphate
我的答案：A
12
【单选题】
NADH is required for the one-step reaction by which pyruvate is converted to
A、oxaloacetate
B、acetyl CoA
C、phosphoenolpyruvate
D、lactate
E、none of them
我的答案：D
13
【单选题】
Which of the following glycolytic enzymes is used in gluconeogenesis?
A、Glucokinase
B、Phosphofructokinase 1
C、Pyruvate kinase
D、Aldolase
E、None of them
我的答案：D
14
【单选题】
An infant with an enlarged liver has a glucose 6-phosphatase deficiency. This infant
A、cannot maintain blood glucose levels either by glycogenolysis or by gluconeogenesis
B、can use liver glycogen to maintain blood glucose levels
C、can use muscle glycogen to maintain blood glucose levels
D、can convert both alanine and glycerol to glucose to maintain blood glucose levels
E、none of them
我的答案：A
15
【单选题】
The pentose phosphate pathway generates each of the following products EXCEPT
A、NADPH, which may be used for fatty acid synthesis
B、ribose 5-phosphate, which may be used for the biosynthesis of ATP
C、compounds that are intermediates of glycolysis
D、D.xylulose 5-phosphate by one of the nonoxidative reactions
E、glucose from ribose 5-phosphate and CO2
我的答案：E
16
【单选题】
The unique pathway for mature red blood cells to obtain ATP is
A、pentose phosphate pathway
B、tricarboxylic acid cycle
C、β-oxidation of fatty acid
D、glycolysis
E、gluconeogenesis
我的答案：D
17
【单选题】
Which enzyme is the key enzyme in glycogenolysis (glycogen degradation) ?
A、Phosphorylase
B、Hexokinase
C、Phosphoenol pyruvate carboxykinase
D、HMG-CoA reductase
E、Pyruvate kinase
我的答案：C
18
【单选题】
Which of the following metabolic pathway take place in the mitochondira?
A、A.glycolytic pathway
B、the synthesis of ketone body
C、pentose phosphate pathway
D、the synthesis of the fatty acid
E、the synthesis of the glycogen
我的答案：B
19
【单选题】
The principl function of the TCA cycle is to
A、generate CO2
B、transfer electrons from the acetyl portion of acetyl CoA to NAD+ and FAD
C、oxidize the acetyl portion of acetyl CoA to oxaloacetate
D、generate heat from the oxidation of the acetyl portion of acetyl CoA
E、dispose of excess pyruvate and fatty acids
我的答案：B
20
【单选题】
The compound which can not be converted into glucose is in animals.
A、lactate
B、pyruvate
C、glycerol
D、fatty acid
E、glycine
我的答案：D
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