男完汾缅错佰讽伍惭橙痰卞模
第一单元测试
1
【判断题】
Language is completely arbitrary
A 对
B 错
正确答案： D
2
【判断题】
All arguments are used either to justify or to explain their conclusions
A 对
B 错
正确答案： B
3
【判断题】
To justify a conclusion, you need to persuade someone
A 对
B 错
正确答案： D
4
【判断题】
Every argument has more than one premise
A 对
B 错
正确答案： B
5
【判断题】
A justification tries to present a reason to believe its conclusion
A 对
B 错
正确答案： A
6
【判断题】
When an argument is used for persuasion, its purpose is to cause its audience to believe its conclusion
A 对
B 错
正确答案： A
7
【判断题】
An argument can succeed in justifying its conclusion even if its audience rejects the argument’s premises
A 对
B 错
正确答案： A
8
【判断题】
“Water is H2O, and salt is NaCl” is an argument
A 对
B 错
正确答案： B
9
【判断题】
The goal of an argument is to beat an opponent
A 对
B 错
正确答案： B
10
【判断题】
The goal of an argument is to abuse the audience
A 对
B 错
正确答案： B
11
【判断题】
An explanation answers a question about why something happened
A 对
B 错
正确答案： A
12
【判断题】
To persuade someone, you need to justify a conclusion
A 对
B 错
正确答案： B
13
【判断题】
All arguments are made up of (or expressed in) language of some kind
A 对
B 错
正确答案： A
14
【判断题】
You can give the meaning of a word by describing how it is used
A 对
B 错
正确答案： A
15
【判断题】
When an argument is used for explanation, its purpose is to give a reason to believe that its conclusion is true
A 对
B 错
正确答案： B
16
【判断题】
An argument that is spoken is no good if it is not spoken loudly enough
A 对
B 错
正确答案： B
17
【判断题】
Every conclusion contradicts what the audience believes
A 对
B 错
正确答案： B
18
【判断题】
“33 + 66 = 99” is an argument
A 对
B 错
正确答案： B
第二单元测试
1
【判断题】
The word “since” is always a premise marker
A 对
B 错
正确答案：B
2
【判断题】
If a word in a sentence can be replaced by a conclusion marker without significantly changing the meaning of the sentence, then the word is used as a conclusion marker in that sentence
A 对
B 错
正确答案：A
3
【判断题】
Negative evaluative utterances say that something violates a standard
A 对
B 错
正确答案：A
4
【判断题】
An assuring term is reflexive when it refers to the mental state of the speaker
A 对
B 错
正确答案：A
5
【判断题】
The word “too” in “too small” introduces an evaluation
A 对
B 错
正确答案：A
6
【判断题】
“If … then …” is an argument marker
A 对
B 错
正确答案：B
7
【单选题】
A(n) ___term is used to indicate that the speaker has some reasons for what he says without actually specifying what those reasons are
A
G = guarding term
B
A = assuring term
C
D = discounting term
D
E = evaluative term
正确答案：C
8
【单选题】
A(n) ___ term is used to indicate a response to a possible objection
A
A = assuring term
B
G = guarding term
C
D = discounting term
D
E = evaluative term
正确答案：C
9
【单选题】
A(n) ___ term is used to weaken a claim in order to make it easier to defend against possible criticisms
A
A = assuring term
B
G = guarding term
C
D = discounting term
D
E = evaluative term
正确答案：B
10
【单选题】
A(n) ___ term can be either positive or negative
A
A = assuring term
B
G = guarding term
C
D = discounting term
D
E = evaluative term
正确答案：D
11
【单选题】
Please indicate the main function of the word that is in boldface in the following passage More than one letter might be acceptable, but you must choose only one option as the best
From Steven Jay Gould— “The Panda’s Thumb”:
The message is paradoxical but profound Orchids manufacture their intricate devices from the common components of ordinary flowers, parts usually fitted for very different functions If God had designed a beautiful machine to reflect his wisdom and power, surely he would not have used a collection of parts generally fashioned for other purposes Orchids were not made by an ideal engineer; they are jury-rigged from a limited set of available components Thus, they must have evolved from ordinary flowers Thus the paradox and the common theme of this trilogy of essays: Our textbooks like to illustrate evolution with examples of optimal design—nearly perfect mimicry of a dead leaf by a butterfly or of a poisonous species by a palatable relative However, ideal design is a lousy argument for evolution, for it mimics the postulated action of an omnipotent creator Odd arrangements and funny solutions are the proof of evolution—paths that a sensible God would never tread but that a natural process, constrained by history, follows perforce
A
P = a premise marker
B
C = a conclusion marker
C
A = an assuring term
D
G = a guarding term
E
D = a discounting term
F
E+ = a positive evaluative term
G
E- = a negative evaluative term
H
N = none of the above
正确答案：E
12
【单选题】
Please indicate the main function of the word that is in boldface in the following passage More than one letter might be acceptable, but you must choose only one option as the best
From Steven Jay Gould— “The Panda’s Thumb”:
The message is paradoxical but profound Orchids manufacture their intricate devices from the common components of ordinary flowers, parts usually fitted for very different functions If God had designed a beautiful machine to reflect his wisdom and power, surely he would not have used a collection of parts generally fashioned for other purposes Orchids were not made by an ideal engineer; they are jury-rigged from a limited set of available components Thus, they must have evolved from ordinary flowers Thus the paradox and the common theme of this trilogy of essays: Our textbooks like to illustrate evolution with examples of optimal design—nearly perfect mimicry of a dead leaf by a butterfly or of a poisonous species by a palatable relative However, ideal design is a lousy argument for evolution, for it mimics the postulated action of an omnipotent creator Odd arrangements and funny solutions are the proof of evolution—paths that a sensible God would never tread but that a natural process, constrained by history, follows perforce
A
P = a premise marker
B
C = a conclusion marker
C
A = an assuring term
D
G = a guarding term
E
D = a discounting term
F
E+ = a positive evaluative term
G
E- = a negative evaluative term
H
N = none of the above
正确答案：D
13
【单选题】
Please indicate the main function of the word that is in boldface in the following passage More than one letter might be acceptable, but you must choose only one option as the best
From Steven Jay Gould—”The Panda’s Thumb”:
The message is paradoxical but profound Orchids manufacture their intricate devices from the common components of ordinary flowers, parts usually fitted for very different functions If God had designed a beautiful machine to reflect his wisdom and power, surely he would not have used a collection of parts generally fashioned for other purposes Orchids were not made by an ideal engineer; they are jury-rigged from a limited set of available components Thus, they must have evolved from ordinary flowers Thus the paradox and the common theme of this trilogy of essays: Our textbooks like to illustrate evolution with examples of optimal design—nearly perfect mimicry of a dead leaf by a butterfly or of a poisonous species by a palatable relative However, ideal design is a lousy argument for evolution, for it mimics the postulated action of an omnipotent creator Odd arrangements and funny solutions are the proof of evolution—paths that a sensible God would never tread but that a natural process, constrained by history, follows perforce
A
P = a premise marker
B
C = a conclusion marker
C
A = an assuring term
D
G = a guarding term
E
D = a discounting term
F
E+ = a positive evaluative term
G
E- = a negative evaluative term
H
N = none of the above
正确答案：F
14
【单选题】
Please indicate the main function of the word that is in boldface in the following passage More than one letter might be acceptable, but you must choose only one option as the best
From Steven Jay Gould— “The Panda’s Thumb”:
The message is paradoxical but profound Orchids manufacture their intricate devices from the common components of ordinary flowers, parts usually fitted for very different functions If God had designed a beautiful machine to reflect his wisdom and power, surely he would not have used a collection of parts generally fashioned for other purposes Orchids were not made by an ideal engineer; they are jury-rigged from a limited set of available components Thus, they must have evolved from ordinary flowers Thus the paradox and the common theme of this trilogy of essays: Our textbooks like to illustrate evolution with examples of optimal design—nearly perfect mimicry of a dead leaf by a butterfly or of a poisonous species by a palatable relative However, ideal design is a lousy argument for evolution, for it mimics the postulated action of an omnipotent creator Odd arrangements and funny solutions are the proof of evolution—paths that a sensible God would never tread but that a natural process, constrained by history, follows perforce
A
P = a premise marker
B
C = a conclusion marker
C
A = an assuring term
D
G = a guarding term
E
D = a discounting term
F
E+ = a positive evaluative term
G
E- = a negative evaluative term
H
N = none of the above
正确答案：C
15
【单选题】
Please indicate the main function of the word that is in boldface in the following passage More than one letter might be acceptable, but you must choose only one option as the best
From Steven Jay Gould— “The Panda’s Thumb”:
The message is paradoxical but profound Orchids manufacture their intricate devices from the common components of ordinary flowers, parts usually fitted for very different functions If God had designed a beautiful machine to reflect his wisdom and power, surely he would not have used a collection of parts generally fashioned for other purposes Orchids were not made by an ideal engineer; they are jury-rigged from a limited set of available components Thus, they must have evolved from ordinary flowers Thus the paradox and the common theme of this trilogy of essays: Our textbooks like to illustrate evolution with examples of optimal design—nearly perfect mimicry of a dead leaf by a butterfly or of a poisonous species by a palatable relative However, ideal design is a lousy argument for evolution, for it mimics the postulated action of an omnipotent creator Odd arrangements and funny solutions are the proof of evolution—paths that a sensible God would never tread but that a natural process, constrained by history, follows perforce
A
P = a premise marker
B
C = a conclusion marker
C
A = an assuring term
D
G = a guarding term
E
D = a discounting term
F
E+ = a positive evaluative term
G
E- = a negative evaluative term
H
N= none of the above
正确答案：F
16
【单选题】
Please indicate the main function of the word that is in boldface in the following passage More than one letter might be acceptable, but you must choose only one option as the best
From Steven Jay Gould—”The Panda’s Thumb”:
The message is paradoxical but profound Orchids manufacture their intricate devices from the common components of ordinary flowers, parts usually fitted for very different functions If God had designed a beautiful machine to reflect his wisdom and power, surely he would not have used a collection of parts generally fashioned for other purposes Orchids were not made by an ideal engineer; they are jury-rigged from a limited set of available components Thus, they must have evolved from ordinary flowers Thus the paradox and the common theme of this trilogy of essays: Our textbooks like to illustrate evolution with examples of optimal design—nearly perfect mimicry of a dead leaf by a butterfly or of a poisonous species by a palatable relative However, ideal design is a lousy argument for evolution, for it mimics the postulated action of an omnipotent creator Odd arrangements and funny solutions are the proof of evolution—paths that a sensible God would never tread but that a natural process, constrained by history, follows perforce
A
P = a premise marker
B
C = a conclusion marker
C
A = an assuring term
D
G = a guarding term
E
D = a discounting term
F
E+ = a positive evaluative term
G
E- = a negative evaluative term
H
N = none of the above
正确答案：B
17
【单选题】
Please indicate the main function of the word that is in boldface in the following passage More than one letter might be acceptable, but you must choose only one option as the best
From Steven Jay Gould—”The Panda’s Thumb”:
The message is paradoxical but profound Orchids manufacture their intricate devices from the common components of ordinary flowers, parts usually fitted for very different functions If God had designed a beautiful machine to reflect his wisdom and power, surely he would not have used a collection of parts generally fashioned for other purposes Orchids were not made by an ideal engineer; they are jury-rigged from a limited set of available components Thus, they must have evolved from ordinary flowers Thus the paradox and the common theme of this trilogy of essays: Our textbooks like to illustrate evolution with examples of optimal design—nearly perfect mimicry of a dead leaf by a butterfly or of a poisonous species by a palatable relative However, ideal design is a lousy argument for evolution, for it mimics the postulated action of an omnipotent creator Odd arrangements and funny solutions are the proof of evolution—paths that a sensible God would never tread but that a natural process, constrained by history, follows perforce
A
P = a premise marker
B
C = a conclusion marker
C
A = an assuring term
D
G = a guarding term
E
D = a discounting term
F
E+ = a positive evaluative term
G
E- = a negative evaluative term
H
N = none of the above
正确答案：D
18
【单选题】
Please indicate the main function of the word that is in boldface in the following passage More than one letter might be acceptable, but you must choose only one option as the best
From Steven Jay Gould—”The Panda’s Thumb”:
The message is paradoxical but profound Orchids manufacture their intricate devices from the common components of ordinary flowers, parts usually fitted for very different functions If God had designed a beautiful machine to reflect his wisdom and power, surely he would not have used a collection of parts generally fashioned for other purposes Orchids were not made by an ideal engineer; they are jury-rigged from a limited set of available components Thus, they must have evolved from ordinary flowers Thus the paradox and the common theme of this trilogy of essays: Our textbooks like to illustrate evolution with examples of optimal design—nearly perfect mimicry of a dead leaf by a butterfly or of a poisonous species by a palatable relative However, ideal design is a lousy argument for evolution, for it mimics the postulated action of an omnipotent creator Odd arrangements and funny solutions are the proof of evolution—paths that a sensible God would never tread but that a natural process, constrained by history, follows perforce
A
P = a premise marker
B
C = a conclusion marker
C
A = an assuring term
D
G = a guarding term
E
D = a discounting term
F
E+ = a positive evaluative term
G
E- = a negative evaluative term
H
N = none of the above
正确答案：H
19
【单选题】
Please indicate the main function of the word that is in boldface in the following passage More than one letter might be acceptable, but you must choose only one option as the best
From Steven Jay Gould— “The Panda’s Thumb”:
The message is paradoxical but profound Orchids manufacture their intricate devices from the common components of ordinary flowers, parts usually fitted for very different functions If God had designed a beautiful machine to reflect his wisdom and power, surely he would not have used a collection of parts generally fashioned for other purposes Orchids were not made by an ideal engineer; they are jury-rigged from a limited set of available components Thus, they must have evolved from ordinary flowers Thus the paradox and the common theme of this trilogy of essays: Our textbooks like to illustrate evolution with examples of optimal design—nearly perfect mimicry of a dead leaf by a butterfly or of a poisonous species by a palatable relative However, ideal design is a lousy argument for evolution, for it mimics the postulated action of an omnipotent creator Odd arrangements and funny solutions are the proof of evolution—paths that a sensible God would never tread but that a natural process, constrained by history, follows perforce
A
P = a premise marker
B
C = a conclusion marker
C
A = an assuring term
D
G = a guarding term
E
D = a discounting term
F
E+ = a positive evaluative term
G
E- = a negative evaluative term
H
N = none of the above
正确答案：E
20
【单选题】
Please indicate the main function of the word that is in boldface in the following passage More than one letter might be acceptable, but you must choose only one option as the best
From Steven Jay Gould—”The Panda’s Thumb”:
The message is paradoxical but profound Orchids manufacture their intricate devices from the common components of ordinary flowers, parts usually fitted for very different functions If God had designed a beautiful machine to reflect his wisdom and power, surely he would not have used a collection of parts generally fashioned for other purposes Orchids were not made by an ideal engineer; they are jury-rigged from a limited set of available components Thus, they must have evolved from ordinary flowers Thus the paradox and the common theme of this trilogy of essays: Our textbooks like to illustrate evolution with examples of optimal design—nearly perfect mimicry of a dead leaf by a butterfly or of a poisonous species by a palatable relative However, ideal design is a lousy argument for evolution, for it mimics the postulated action of an omnipotent creator Odd arrangements and funny solutions are the proof of evolution—paths that a sensible God would never tread but that a natural process, constrained by history, follows perforce
A
P = a premise marker
B
C = a conclusion marker
C
A = an assuring term
D
G = a guarding term
E
D = a discounting term
F
E+ = a positive evaluative term
G
E- = a negative evaluative term
H
N = none of the above
正确答案：G
21
【单选题】
Please indicate the main function of the word that is in boldface in the following passage More than one letter might be acceptable, but you must choose only one option as the best
From Steven Jay Gould— “The Panda’s Thumb”:
The message is paradoxical but profound Orchids manufacture their intricate devices from the common components of ordinary flowers, parts usually fitted for very different functions If God had designed a beautiful machine to reflect his wisdom and power, surely he would not have used a collection of parts generally fashioned for other purposes Orchids were not made by an ideal engineer; they are jury-rigged from a limited set of available components Thus, they must have evolved from ordinary flowers Thus the paradox and the common theme of this trilogy of essays: Our textbooks like to illustrate evolution with examples of optimal design—nearly perfect mimicry of a dead leaf by a butterfly or of a poisonous species by a palatable relative However, ideal design is a lousy argument for evolution, for it mimics the postulated action of an omnipotent creator Odd arrangements and funny solutions are the proof of evolution—paths that a sensible God would never tread but that a natural process, constrained by history, follows perforce
A
P = a premise marker
B
C = a conclusion marker
C
A = an assuring term
D
G = a guarding term
E
D = a discounting term
F
E+ = a positive evaluative term
G
E- = a negative evaluative term
H
N = none of the above
正确答案：A
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